Troubleshooting & FAQ
Do I need a Russian transit visa for a layover in Moscow?
Whether a layover needs a transit visa depends on one thing: do you have to cross passport control? Here is how to tell.
Short answer
For a short international-to-international connection at the same Moscow airport (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo or Vnukovo) where you stay airside in the transit zone and do not collect checked baggage, you generally do not need a Russian transit visa. You do need a transit visa (or an appropriate visa) the moment you must pass passport control — for example to change airports, leave the airport, collect and re-check baggage, or for connections that are not airside. Air transit visas are issued for up to 3 days; land transit for up to 10 days.
When you do NOT need a transit visa
- International-to-international connection at the same airport, staying airside in the transit zone.
- You do not pass through passport control and do not collect checked baggage (bags are through-checked to your final destination).
- The layover stays within the airport's transit rules for your itinerary.
When you DO need a transit (or full) visa
- You must change airports in Moscow (e.g. arrive at Sheremetyevo, depart from Domodedovo) — this requires crossing passport control.
- You need to collect and re-check baggage, which means entering Russia.
- You want to leave the airport during a long layover.
- Your connection is domestic, or the airport/airline routing requires entry.
Check your specific routing before you book
Airside transit rules depend on the exact airport, terminal and airline. If there is any chance you must cross passport control, apply for a transit visa in advance — you cannot obtain one on arrival.
Air vs land transit
A Russian transit visa is issued for up to 3 days for air transit and up to 10 days for transit by land. It requires proof of onward travel (tickets for the whole itinerary) and, where relevant, a visa for your destination country. The e-Visa is not a transit document.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a visa for a layover in Moscow?
Not if you stay airside for an international-to-international connection at the same airport without crossing passport control or collecting baggage. You do need a transit or full visa if you must pass passport control — for example to change airports or leave the airport.
How long is a Russian transit visa valid?
Up to 3 days for air transit and up to 10 days for transit by land.
Can I use an e-Visa for transit?
The unified e-Visa is a single-entry visa for tourism, business or events, not a dedicated transit document. If you only need to transit and must cross the border, apply for a transit visa; if you are eligible and plan to enter Russia, an e-Visa may also work.
Can I get a Russian transit visa on arrival?
No. Like other Russian visas, a transit visa must be obtained in advance at a consulate or visa centre.
RussianVisa.co is an independent guide and not a government body. Russian entry and migration rules change frequently — always confirm the current requirements with the official Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the consulate that serves your country before you book or travel.
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